I-Induction Preheating Ngaphambi Kokushisela Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka

I-Induction Preheating Ngaphambi Kwe-Welding For Stress Relieving Heater

Kungani usebenzise i-Induction Preheating Ngaphambi Kokushisela?Ukushisa kwangaphambi kokungeniswa kunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa ngemva kokushisela. Kuyinzuzo ukubalekela i-hydrogen ehlakazekile ensimbi eshiselayo futhi ugweme imifantu eyenziwe yi-hydrogen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Iphinde inciphise uphawu lwe-welding kanye nezinga lokuqina lendawo ethintekile ukushisa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe kuyathuthukiswa.
Ukushisa kwe-induction kunganciphisa ingcindezi yokushisela. Umehluko wezinga lokushisa (owaziwa nangokuthi i-gradient yokushisa) phakathi kwamashisela endaweni yokushisela ungancishiswa ngokushisa okufanayo kwendawo noma yonke induction preheating. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezelwa kwe-welding kuncishisiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga le-welding strain liyancishiswa, okuzuzisa ukugwema imifantu ye-welding.

Ukushisa kwe-induction kunganciphisa izinga lokuvinjelwa kwezakhiwo ezishiselwe, kusobala kakhulu ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokuhlangana kwe-Angle. Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa kwe-induction, isigameko sokuqhekeka siyancipha.
Ukushisa kwe-Induction preheating kanye nokushisa kwe-interlayer (Qaphela: lapho i-weld multi-layer kanye ne-multi-pass welding yenziwa kwi-weldment, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu le-weld yangaphambili libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-interlayer lapho i-post-weld ishiselwe. Ukuze uthole izinto ezidinga i-induction preheating welding. , uma i-welding ye-multilayer idingeka, izinga lokushisa le-interlayer kufanele lilingane noma libe phezulu kancane kunezinga lokushisa lokushisa lokungeniswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kokushisa kwe-induction preheating ekuqondeni kobukhulu bepuleti lensimbi futhi endaweni ye-weld kunomthelela obalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kwe-welding. Ububanzi be-preheating yokungeniswa kwendawo kufanele bunqunywe ngokuya ngesithiyo somshini wokushisela, ngokuvamile ngokuphindwe kathathu ukujiya kodonga oluzungeze indawo yokushisela, futhi kungabi ngaphansi kuka-150-200 mm. Uma i-induction preheating ingafani, ngeke nje inciphise ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kodwa izokwandisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding.

Ungasithola Kanjani Isixazululo Esifanelekile Sokushisa Sokushisa?

Lapho ukhetha imishini efanelekile yokushisa induction ikakhulukazi cabangela izici ezilandelayo:

Umumo nosayizi we-workpiece eshisiwe.: I-workpiece enkulu, i-bar material, impahla eqinile, kufanele kukhethwe amandla ahlobene, imishini yokushisa yokungenisa imvamisa ephansi; Uma ucezu lokusebenzela luncane, ipayipi, ipuleti, igiya, njll., umshini wokushisa ongeniswayo onamandla aphansi ahlobene kanye nemvamisa ephezulu kufanele kukhethwe.
Ukujula nendawo okufanele kushiswe ngayo: Ukujula kokushisa okujulile, indawo enkulu, ukushisa okuphelele, kufanele kukhethe amandla amakhulu, imishini yokushisa yokungenisa imvamisa ephansi; Ukujula kokushisisa okungajulile, indawo encane, ukushisisa kwendawo, ukukhethwa kwamandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa, imishini yokushisa yokungenisa imvamisa ephezulu.
Isivinini sokushisisa esidingekayo: Uma isivinini sokushisisa sishesha, okokusebenza kokushisisa okungeniswayo okunamandla amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemvamisa ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa kufanele kukhethwe.
Isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sezinto zokusebenza: Isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo side, uma kuqhathaniswa khetha imishini yokushisisa yokungenisa amandla emikhudlwana.
Ibanga phakathi kwekhanda lokushisisa lokungeniswa nomshini wokungenisa: Uxhumano olude, ngisho nokusetshenziswa koxhumo lwekhebula olupholiswe ngamanzi, kufanele kube umshini wokushisa wokungenisa amandla omkhulu kakhulu.

I-Induction Heating: Isebenza Kanjani?

Izindlela zokushisa zokushisa sebenzisa ukufudumeza okungaxhunywanga. Banga ukushisa ngozibuthe kagesi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa into yokushisisa lapho ithintana nengxenye ukuze iqhube ukushisa, njengoba kwenza ukushisisa ukumelana. Ukushisa kwe-induction kusebenza njengehhavini ye-microwave - into esetshenziswayo ihlala ipholile ngenkathi ukudla kupheka ngaphakathi.

Esibonelweni sezimboni ze Ukushisa ukufakelwa, ukushisa kubangelwa engxenyeni ngokuyibeka endaweni kazibuthe enemvamisa ephezulu. Inkambu kazibuthe idala ama-eddy currents ngaphakathi kwengxenye, ijabulisa ama-molecule engxenye futhi ikhiqize ukushisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushisisa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwendawo yensimbi, akukho ukushisa okumoshayo.

Ukufana kokushisa kwe-induction nokushisisa kokumelana ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kuyadingeka ukuze kushise ngesigaba noma ingxenye. Umehluko kuphela umthombo wokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa kwethuluzi. Inqubo yokungeniswa ishisa ngaphakathi kwengxenye, futhi inqubo yokumelana iyashisa ebusweni bengxenye. Ukujula kokushisa kuncike kubuningi. I-High-frequency (isb., 50 kHz) ishisa eduze nendawo, kuyilapho i-low-frequency (isb, 60 Hz) ingena ijule engxenyeni, ibeka umthombo wokushisisa kuze kufike ku-3 mm ukushona, okuvumela ukushisa kwezingxenye eziqinile. Ikhoyili ye-induction ayishisi ngoba i-conductor inkulu ku-current ephathwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ikhoyili ayidingi ukushisa ukushisa i-workpiece.

Izingxenye Zesistimu Yokushisa Yokungeniswa

Amasistimu wokushisisa ongeniswa angapholiswa ngomoya noma uketshezi, kuye ngezidingo zohlelo. Ingxenye eyinhloko evamile kuzo zombili izinhlelo ikhoyili yokungeniswa esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukushisa ngaphakathi kwengxenye.

Isistimu epholile emoyeni. Isistimu yokupholisa umoya evamile iqukethe umthombo wamandla , ingubo yokungeniswa, namakhebuli ahlobene. Ingubo yokungeniswa iqukethe ikhoyili yokungeniswa ezungezwe into efakwa ngaphakathi futhi ethungelwa kumkhono we-Kevlar onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, oshintshwayo.

 

Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokungeniswa lungabandakanya isilawuli sokuqapha nokulawula izinga lokushisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isistimu engenazo isilawuli idinga ukusetshenziswa kwesibonisi sezinga lokushisa. Isistimu futhi ingabandakanya iswishi yokuvala ekude. Amasistimu okupholisa umoya angasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifika ku-400 degrees F, ayenze ibe isistimu yokushisa kuqala kuphela.

Isistimu Epholile Uketshezi. Ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi luphola kahle kakhulu kunomoya, lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokushisisa lokungeniswa lufanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengokushisisa kwangaphambili kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokudambisa ingcindezi. Umehluko oyinhloko ovela kusistimu epholile emoyeni ukungezwa kwesipholile samanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwepayipi eliguquguqukayo, elipholise uketshezi elihlala ikhoyili yokungeniswa. Amasistimu apholisa uketshezi ngokuvamile asebenzisa isilawuli sezinga lokushisa kanye nerekhoda yokushisa eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokudambisa ingcindezi.

Inqubo evamile yokuqeda ukucindezeleka idinga isinyathelo sokuya ku-600 kuya ku-800 degrees F, kulandelwa irempu noma izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo likhuphukela kuzinga lokushisa lokucwilisa cishe elingu-1,250 degrees. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokubamba, ingxenye ilawulwa-ipholile ibe phakathi kuka-600 no-800 degrees. Irekhoda yezinga lokushisa iqoqa idatha kuphrofayela yezinga lokushisa langempela lengxenye ngokusekelwe kokokufaka kwe-thermocouple, imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhulula ukucindezeleka. Uhlobo lomsebenzi kanye nekhodi esebenzayo inquma inqubo yangempela.

Izinzuzo Zokushisisa Kokungeniswa

Ukushisa kokungeniswa kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukufana okuhle kokushisa nekhwalithi, isikhathi esincishisiwe somjikelezo, nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukushisa kwe-induction nakho kuphephile, kuthembekile, kulula ukukusebenzisa, ukonga amandla, futhi kuyaguquguquka.

Ukufana kanye Nekhwalithi. Ukushisa kwe-induction akuzweli ikakhulukazi ekubekweni kwamakhoyili noma isikhala. Ngokuvamile, amakhoyili kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo futhi agxile ekuhlanganyeleni okushiselayo. Kumasistimu ahlonyiswe kangaka, isilawuli sezinga lokushisa singasungula isidingo samandla ngendlela ye-analog, sinikeze amandla anele okugcina iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa. Umthombo wamandla unikeza amandla phakathi nayo yonke inqubo.

Isikhathi sokuhamba. Indlela yokungeniswa yokushisisa kwangaphambili kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi inikeza izinga lokushisa elisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezijiyile, njengemigqa yesitimu somfutho ophezulu, ukushisisa okungangeniswa kunganciphisa amahora amabili ukusuka esikhathini somjikelezo. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo kusukela ekushiseni kokulawula ukuya ekucwiliseni izinga lokushisa.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo. I-insulation esetshenziswa ekushiseni kwe-induction kulula ukunamathisela ezintweni zokusebenza futhi ingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhoyili e-induction aqinile futhi awadingi ucingo olubuthakathaka noma izinto zobumba. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi amakhoyili wokungeniswa nezixhumi azisebenzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, awekho ngaphansi kokuwohloka.

Ubulula Bokusetshenziswa. Inzuzo enkulu ye-induction preheating kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi ubulula bakho. I-insulation kanye nezintambo kulula ukuzifaka, ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwe-15. Kwezinye izimo, indlela yokusebenzisa imishini yokungeniswa ingafundiswa ngosuku olulodwa.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Umthombo wamandla we-inverter usebenza kahle ngamaphesenti angama-92, inzuzo ebalulekile enkathini yokukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla. Ukwengeza, inqubo yokushisa yokungeniswa ingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-80 isebenza kahle. Mayelana nokufaka amandla, inqubo yokungeniswa idinga kuphela ulayini wama-amp angu-40 wamandla angu-25 kW.

Ezokuphepha. Ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokunciphisa ingcindezi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokungeniswa kuyasebenziseka. Ukushisa kwe-induction akudingi izinto zokushisa ezishisayo nezixhumi. Izinhlayiya ezincane ezihamba emoyeni zihlotshaniswa nezingubo zokuvalelisa, futhi okokufaka ngokwako akuvezwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1,800 degrees, okungabangela ukuthi ukufakwa kungene kube uthuli abasebenzi abangaluhogela.

Ukuthembeka. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinomthelela ekukhiqizeni ekudambiseni ingcindezi umjikelezo ongaphazamiseki. Ezimweni eziningi ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo kusho ukuthi ukuphathwa kokushisa kuzodinga ukwenziwa kabusha, okubalulekile uma umjikelezo wokushisa ungathatha usuku ukuqeda. Izingxenye zesistimu yokushisisa yokungeniswa zenza ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo kungenzeki. I-cabling yokungeniswa ilula, ikwenza kube mancane amathuba okuthi ihluleke. Futhi, abekho abathintwayo abasetshenziselwa ukulawula okokufaka ukushisa engxenyeni.

Ukuhlukahluka. Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ukushisa ukushisa izinhlelo ukushisisa futhi kunciphise ingcindezi ipayipi, abasebenzisi baguqule inqubo yama-weldolets, izindololwane, ama-valve, nezinye izingxenye. Esinye sezici zokushisisa okungeniswayo okwenza kuthandeke kumajamo ayinkimbinkimbi yikhono lokulungisa amakhoyili ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisisa ukuze amukele izingxenye eziyingqayizivele namasinki okushisa. Umsebenzisi angaqala inqubo, anqume imiphumela yenqubo yokushisisa ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi alungise indawo yekhoyili ukuze aguqule umphumela. Izintambo zokungeniswa zingasuswa ngaphandle kokulinda ukupholisa komoya ekupheleni komjikelezo.

I-Induction Heating ngaphambi kwezicelo zokushisela

Lobu buchwepheshe buzibonakalise kumaphrojekthi amaningi, okuhlanganisa amapayipi kawoyela negesi, ukwakhiwa kwemishini emikhulu, nokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemishini yezimayini.

Ipayipi likawoyela. Umsebenzi wokulungisa amapayipi kawoyela aseNyakatho Melika odingekayo ukuze kushiswe ipayipi ngaphambi kokulungisa imikhono noma okokufakwayo epayipini eliwu-48-in. girth. Nakuba izisebenzi zazikwazi ukulungisa izinto eziningi ngaphandle kokumisa ukugeleza kukawoyela noma ukuwukhipha epayipini, ukuba khona kwawo oluhlaza kwakukhinyabeza ukusebenza kahle kokushisela ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela ogelezayo wawumunca ukushisa. Amathoshi e-propane ayedinga ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kokushisela ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa, futhi ukushisisa ukumelana - kuyilapho kunikeza ukushisa okuqhubekayo - ngokuvamile kwakungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinga lokushisa elidingekayo le-weld.

Abasebenzi basebenzise amasistimu amabili angu-25-kW anezingubo zokulala ezifanayo ukuze bathole izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisa elingu-125 degrees ekulungiseni imikhono ezungezile. Ngenxa yalokho, banciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo kusuka emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12 kuya emahoreni amane nge-girth weld ngayinye.

Ukushisisa ngaphambili kokulingana kwe-STOPPLE (i-T junction enevalvu) bekuyinselele nakakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bodonga bokulinganisa. Nokho, ngokushisisa okungeniswayo, inkampani yasebenzisa amasistimu amane angu-25-kW anengubo yokulala ehambisanayo. Basebenzisa amasistimu amabili ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-T. Isistimu eyodwa yayisetshenziswa emgqeni omkhulu ukuze kushiswe amafutha, kanti eyesibili yayisetshenziselwa ukushisa kuqala i-T ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-weld circumferential. Izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa lalingama-degree angu-125. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokushisela kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwayi-18 kuya emahoreni ayisikhombisa nge-girth weld ngayinye.

Ipayipi Legesi Yemvelo. Iphrojekthi yokwakha ipayipi legesi yemvelo ihlanganisa ukwakha ipayipi elingama-36-in.-diameter, 0.633-in.-thick lisuka e-Alberta, eCanada, liya eChicago. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwaleli payipi, usonkontileka oshiselayo wasebenzisa imithombo emibili yamandla angu-25-kW efakwe kugandaganda nezingubo zokulala ezixhunywe kuma-boom ukuze kube nesivinini futhi kube lula. Imithombo yamandla ishisa ngaphambili izinhlangothi zombili zejoyinti yepayipi. Okubalulekile kule nqubo kwakuwukulawula isivinini nokwethenjelwa kwezinga lokushisa. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-alloy kukhula ezintweni zokunciphisa isisindo kanye nesikhathi sokushisela, nokwandisa ingxenye yokuphila, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kuba bucayi kakhulu. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lokushisisa lokungeniswa ludinga imizuzu engaphansi kwemithathu ukuthola izinga lokushisa elingaphambi kokushisa elingu-250-degree.

Izinto Ezisindayo. Umkhiqizi wezinto ezisindayo uvamise ukushisela amazinyo e-adaptha emaphethelweni ebhakede elilayishayo. I-tack-welded assembly yayiyiswe emuva naphambili esithandweni somlilo esikhulu, idinga osebenza ngokushisela ukuba alinde kuyilapho ingxenye ishisa kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Umkhiqizi ukhethe ukuzama ukushisa okungeniswayo ukuze ashise kuqala umhlangano ukuze avimbele ukunyakaza komkhiqizo.

Izinto zazingu-4 amayintshi obukhulu nezinga lokushisa elidingekayo eliphezulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-alloy. Izingubo zokulala ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesicelo. I-insulation kanye nedizayini yekhoyili inikeze inzuzo eyengeziwe yokuvikela isisebenzisi ekushiseni okukhazimulayo kwengxenye. Sekukonke, ukusebenza bekusebenza kahle kakhulu, kunciphisa isikhathi sokushisela nokugcina izinga lokushisa kulo lonke inqubo yokushisela.

Imishini Yezimayini. Imayini ibinenkinga yokuqhekeka kwamakhaza kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kokushisa isebenzisa izifudumezi ze-propane lapho ilungisa imishini yezimayini. Abasebenza ngokushisela kwakudingeka basuse ingubo evamile yokuvikela ingxenye engxenyeni ewugqinsi njalo ukuze bafake ukushisa futhi bagcine ingxenye ekuzinga lokushisa okufanele.

I-induction preheat blanket igcina izinga lokushisa lonqenqema lwebhakede ngesikhathi sokunamathiselwa kwamazinyo.
Imayini ikhethe ukuzama ukushisisa nge-induction isebenzisa izingubo zokulala eziyisicaba, ezipholiswe ngomoya ukuze zishise ngaphambili izingxenye ngaphambi kokushisela. Inqubo yokungeniswa ifake ukushisa engxenyeni ngokushesha. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nenqubo yokushisela. Isikhathi sokulungisa i-weld sehliswe ngamaphesenti angama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wamandla wawufakwe isilawuli sezinga lokushisa ukuze ugcine ingxenye ekuzinga lokushisa okuhlosiwe. Lokhu kucishe kwaqeda ukusebenza kabusha okubangelwa ukuqhekeka okubandayo.

I-power plant. Umakhi wesizinda sikagesi wakha indawo yokuphehla ugesi yemvelo eCalifornia. Ama-boilermaker kanye nama-pipefitter bebelokhu behlangabezana nokubambezeleka kokwakhiwa ngenxa yezindlela zokushisa kuqala nezindlela zokudambisa ingcindezi abebezisebenzisa emigqeni yesitimu yesikhungo. Le nkampani ilethe ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa ngokungemthetho ngomzamo wokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wezintambo zesitimu esiphakathi nendawo ukuya kwezinkulu, njengoba lezi zicucu zithatha isikhathi esiningi sokwelapha ukushisa esidingekayo endaweni yomsebenzi.

Ubulula bokusonga izingubo zokungeniswa ezenzweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengalesi sikhungo samandla egesi yemvelo, kunganciphisa isikhathi sokwelapha ukushisa.
Ku-16-in evamile. i-weldolet ene-2-in. ukujiya kodonga, ukushisisa kokungeniswa kwakwazi ukushefa amahora amabili ukusuka ku-time-to-temperature (ama-degree angama-600) kanye nelinye ihora ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokucwilisa (ama-600 degrees kuya ku-1,350 degrees) ukuze kukhishwe ukucindezeleka.