Emkhakheni wokucutshungulwa kwezimboni kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, ikhono lokulawula izinga lokushisa ngokunemba aligcini nje ngokuzuzisa, kodwa libalulekile. Ukushisisa kwemikhumbi esabelayo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile okufanele wenziwe ngokusebenza kahle nangokufana ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo zokusabela ezifanele kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi ezitholakalayo zokushisisa, ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kugqama njengendlela ephakeme, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa emikhunjini yokusabela yensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kucubungula isayensi ngemuva kokushisisa okungeniswa yi-electromagnetic, izinzuzo zako, kanye nokusebenza kwakho kumongo wemikhumbi yensimbi engenasici.
I-Electromagnetic Induction: I-Primer
Ngaphambi kokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic emikhunjini yokusabela ekushiseni, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zalesi simo. I-electromagnetic induction isho inqubo lapho amandla kagesi akhiqizwa khona ku-conductor lapho evezwe endaweni eshintshayo kazibuthe. Lesi simiso satholwa okokuqala ngu-Michael Faraday ngo-1831 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sisetshenziswe inqwaba yezicelo, okuhlanganisa ukufudumeza kwe-induction.
Isayensi Yokushisa Okungeniswayo
Ukushisisa okungeniswayo kwenzeka lapho i-alternating current (AC) igeleza ikhoyili yokungeniswa, idala inkambu yakazibuthe eguquguqukayo eyizungezile. Uma umkhumbi wokusabela wensimbi engagqwali ufakwa ngaphakathi kwale nkambu, inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo ingenisa ama-eddy currents ngaphakathi kokusebenza komkhumbi. Lawa ma-eddy currents wona akhiqiza ukushisa ngenxa yokumelana kwezinto ekugelezeni kukagesi, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukushisa kwe-Joule. Le nqubo iphumela ekushiseni okuphumelelayo nokuqondile komkhumbi ngaphandle kwesidingo somthombo wokushisa wangaphandle.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Electromagnetic Induction
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electromagnetic induction yokushisa imikhumbi yensimbi engagqwali kuza nenqwaba yezinzuzo:
Ukushisisa imikhumbi yokusabela yensimbi engenasici
- Ukushisa Okuhlosiwe: Ukushisa kokungeniswa kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kokushisa, ukunciphisa ama-gradients ashisayo nokuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa okufanayo ngaphakathi komkhumbi.
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla: Njengoba ukushisa kwe-induction kushisa umkhumbi ngokuqondile, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezindlela zokushisa ezijwayelekile ezithembele ekuqhubeni noma ezindleleni zokuhambisa.
- Izikhathi Zokushisa Okusheshayo: Amasistimu wokungeniswa angafinyelela amazinga okushisa afunekayo ngokushesha, okubalulekile ezinqubweni ezidinga imijikelezo yokushisa esheshayo.
- Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic kuqeda isidingo samalangabi avulekile noma izindawo ezishisayo, kunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha emsebenzini.
- Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Okunembile: Amasistimu wokushisisa wesimanje angashunwa kahle ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa athile, okubalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okubucayi.
- Ihlanzekile Futhi Inobungani Nemvelo: Ukushisisa okungeniswayo akukhiqizi amagesi avuthayo, okwenza kube enye indlela ehlanzekile kunezindlela zokushisisa ezisekelwe kuphethiloli.
Ukushisisa Izitsha Zensimbi Engagqwali Nge-Induction
Insimbi engagqwali iyingxubevange evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi yokusabela ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala nokuqina kwayo. Nakuba ingasebenzi njengezinye izinsimbi njengethusi noma i-aluminium, amasistimu okushisa okufakwayo anamandla ngokwanele ukushisisa insimbi engagqwali ngempumelelo. Isihluthulelo siwukusebenzisa ikhoyili yokungeniswa enemvamisa efanele kanye nezinga lamandla ukuze uhehe imisinga eyanele ye-eddy ngaphakathi komkhumbi wensimbi engagqwali.
Ukucatshangelwa Kokusetshenziswa
Ukuze usebenzise ukufudumeza kwe-electromagnetic induction yemikhumbi yensimbi engagqwali, izici ezimbalwa kufanele zibhekwe:
- Idizayini Yomkhumbi: Umkhumbi kufanele uklanyelwe ukuthwala ukufudumeza kwe-induction, ngokucabangela ukubekwa kwamakhoyili kanye nejometri yomkhumbi.
- Ukukhethwa Kwesistimu Yokungeniswa: Uhlelo lokufudumeza lokungeniswa kufanele lukhethwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zenqubo, okuhlanganisa usayizi womkhumbi, izinto ezibonakalayo zensimbi engagqwali, kanye nebanga lokushisa elifunekayo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo: Ukusetha ukushisisa kwe-induction kumele kuhlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo ekugelezeni kwenqubo ekhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphazamiseka okuncane nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
- Ukuqapha Nokulawula: Amasistimu anele kufanele abe endaweni yokuqapha izinga lokushisa futhi alawule inqubo yokushisisa yokungeniswa ukuze kugcinwe ukuvumelana kanye nekhwalithi.
Ukushisisa kwemikhumbi yensimbi engagqwali ngokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kuveza inqwaba yezinzuzo ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, izimboni zingafinyelela ukushisisa okunembayo nokulawulwayo okuhlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga okukhiqiza esimanje. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe Ukushisa ukufakelwa emikhakheni yokucubungula kanye neyokukhiqiza nakanjani kufanele ande, okukhombisa igxathu eliya phambili ekuphishekeleni izindlela ezintsha neziqhubekayo zezimboni.
